Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow Essay Example

Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow Paper The unpredictable natural disasters’ effect on different industries and the wrong decisions that may follow the occurrence of such disasters may be due to: inaccurate forecasting of weather, inaccurate planning and risk analysis, also the governments and organizations over confidence in their ability to take decision and over come the risks. Also, insufficient financial support and miscommunication results in higher civil and human loss. As we examine the consequences of natural disasters several issues must be considered: * Many countries lack the knowledge, capacity and resources to deal with natural disasters. After a disaster the public sector is often paralyzed by damaged infrastructure and unable to cover the costs of emergency and relief efforts, let alone reconstruction work. * Lack of overall risk planning and investment in physical resilience measures, with too much focus on post-disaster response, leads to increased loss of life, suffering and damage. People in poor countries are generally more exposed to natural disasters, particularly through a higher dependency on agriculture and increased vulnerability to the natural environment. * Insurance penetration is high in developed countries. In lesser developed entries, the availability of insurance is limited and premiums are often not affordable. With less coverage, impacts from natural disasters can derail economic growth. There are several reasons for the increased vulnerability of societies to natural disasters: * Population growth: Between 1950 and 2010, world population grew from 2. 5 to 6. 9 billion,2 putting more people in harms way. * Location: Population growth has occurred in areas more prone to natural disasters, such as coastal areas and riverbanks. * arbitration: Poor urban planning, zoning and construction exacerbate the effects of natural disasters * Value: Economic velveteen brings higher asset values, thereby increasing the possible financial loss. Climate change: While there is not yet consensus in the scientific community whether and to what extent climate change increases the number and severity Of climatic events,5 there are several prominent studies suggesting that there exists a causal relationship, increasing risk uncertainty. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ill. List of Alternative course of actions: The unpredictable natural disasters and its consequences affect masses of people and require involvement of various sectors of country organizations to achieve ultimately successful results. Effective disaster management system should be in place which includes disaster prediction, disaster warning, disaster management and disaster relief. Implementation of the following measures can have a significant impact on the extent of suffering after a natural disaster: 1 . Clear vision for dealing with natural disasters. To increase knowledge and awareness of the population at large, the private sector and policy-makers to achieve behavior change. 2. Understanding the risk and mitigate risks through a variety of methods using both public and private means. 3. Enhanced physical resilience as a preventative step to reduce risk by hysterical measures, This is the only way to directly reduce the loss Of life and number of people affected. 4. Financial preparedness to reduce the long-term impact on economic development at the macro level as evidenced IV. Evaluation of Alternatives 1. Vision for dealing with natural disasters A vision of how various means of risk management could work together through â€Å"backward imaging†. Taking realistic natural disaster scenarios and apply best practice recommendations to develop a vision for the future. Ochs is on risk transfer solutions and enhanced risk resiliency. 1. 1 Data Comprehensive data is crucial throughout the natural disaster timeline for increasing awareness, finding effective resilience measures, early warning systems, efficient disaster response and resilient rebuilding. Capturing and mapping: The international community with local cooperation will implement a long-term programmer of global observation data. This data will include satellite observations and ground-based Observations to allow for Ð’Â «trustingÐ’Â » of the satellite data. Risk identification and assessment: Using open-access catastrophe modeling architecture and risk models created by the insurance industry and academia tit funding from UNFROCK adaptation funds, insurers and other risk pooling mechanisms will be able to assess risk and characterize the uncertainties surrounding their estimates. 1. 2 Awareness With good data, the public understands the need for preparation and risk reducing measures. Governments, the private sector and the media build awareness of risks and risk-mitigation principles at national, regional, and community levels. School awareness programmer: Schools play an important role. Children from a young age must understand the perils to which their communities are exposed and the appropriate response behaviors. Community awareness: Education in the community is required to ensure that awareness building continues in ad alt life. Communication: The media will run long-term campaigns on regional natural catastrophe risks, highlighting the benefit Of resilience and risk pooling measures. Multiple channels should be used, using resonating messaging to counter psychological tendencies of avoidance and denial, and foster behavioral change. 1. 3 Planning and prevention Planning and prevention require long lead times, especially for physical resilience projects. These large-scale projects and local community response Lana are both important to community awareness. Coordinating these measures to ensure effectiveness and efficient use of funds requires a central government figure, called in this report a â€Å"country risk officer. Country risk officers: Tasked with keeping up-to-date risk and asset data, they coordinate pre-disaster mitigation measures, such as building resilience, with financial preparedness Large-scale defense: Using risk maps, large-scale peril defense programmer are conducted in areas of high value or national importance, potentially contributed to by UNFROCK adaptation funds. Community-level defense: With awareness of risk, communities can work together on local measures, particularly where large-scale defenses are not possible. This may include avoiding construction in peril-prone areas,or making buildings temporary or peril-resilient in such areas. Individual-level defense: Some individuals and businesses may choose to adapt their properties, as they will see lower insurance premiums as a consequence if insurance premiums reflect risk. Assign liability in advance: Risk pooling organizations are able to reduce their prices because they have contract certainty due to clear liability laws enacted n advance. 1. 4 Risk transfer There are various options for risk management – avoidance, reduction, transfer or retention. Risk transfer is the underlying tenet for insurance markets, passing a liability onto another party (spreading the risk). Risk pooling is vital to the recovery of individuals, firms and economies following a natural disaster. 1. 5 During an event Actions taken immediately before and during an event are crucial for limiting impact on lives and livelihoods. These actions include last minute resilience measures, early warning systems, evacuation plans and efficient response measures. Early warning prior to an event: For some events (e. G. , flooding, tropical cyclones and tsunamis) early warning is possible; others are more of a surprise (e. . , earthquakes). Where early warning is possible, meteorological offices and other peril monitoring services send warning messages to a list of stakeholders for broader dissemination, and also post information on their websites. Mobile warning cascade: Peril-prone regions have free mobile technology early warning systems that cascade a series of warnings. Fast-evacuation warnings: Local police and coastguard remove people from high-risk areas (e. G. Off beaches in a tsunami). Prior emergency drills have informed all stakeholders what they are expected to do. The evacuation is orderly. 1. 6 Response The response phase begins after the post-disaster situation has stabilized and there is no longer imminent threat of loss of human life. The response phase focuses on restoring law and order, ensuring a secure environment and distributing resources and supplies. Order and control: Restoring law and order is crucial to an environment in which appropriate response measures can be taken. If civil society and security deteriorate it will be more difficult or impossible to distribute sources to those in need, unnecessarily prolonging suffering. Quick damage assessment: Satellite images provide an initial quick overview Of the damage. Liquidity pooling schemes pay out: If the event has triggered the pooling policies, funds, commodities and equipment are transferred within 15 days (or more quickly for critical equipment). Use of funds: The country risk officer implements the catastrophe response plan. Funds from pooling schemes are deployed to purchase necessary supplies. 1. 7 Recovery The recovery phase begins once the post-disaster situation has stabilized enough for activities focused on returning people and the economy to predigested or better levels. Recovery involves getting people and communities back on their feet, and ideally in a better position than before the disaster. Deploying loss adjusters: Using satellite and aerial photography loss adjusters decide whether they can pay claims remotely. There are a sufficient number of loss adjusters, provided by both public and private sectors. Resilient and sustainable rebuilding: The country risk officer issues guidelines on peril-resilient rebuilding. All new construction conforms to the code. Non- compliance results in non-payment of future risk pooling claims or building condemnation. Managed retreat: Some regions will not be re-populated to make green spaces or other mitigation schemes. The difficult question of whether to turn over damaged homes to these spaces is an important policy issue. Community adaptation measures: The opportunity to adapt regions will be taken at the time of large-scale rebuilding (e. G. , sustainable urban drainage). This is a unique opportunity to re-design for the future. Lessons learned: All stakeholders devote time and resources to learn lessons room the disaster about such things as evacuation processes, risk models, data, building performance under stress, etc. Results are freely disseminated for the benefit of the international community. Micromanage, structured loans and Micronesians: These financial products provide liquidity for affected individuals, initiating faster recovery and promoting self-sufficiency. 2. Understanding risk * Understanding the hazards and risks a community is exposed to is one Of the prerequisite recommendations in this report. Continued advancement in this understanding will allow for more focused and improved solutions across he disaster timeline. Ensuring that this knowledge is cascaded down to the local level creates awareness and initiates responsibility. Where possible, effective disaster preparedness and risk mitigation must start at an individual and community level. There are many stakeholders involved in building community awareness, Understanding how to use these channels effectively, often in combination with the media, will increase risk understanding and awareness Capturing risk data’s Establishing reliable data is the first step and involves multiple stakeholders. There are numerous gaps in the data that has been captured on multiple littorals and in various data sets around the world. Ra sing awareness Raising awareness is needed at the local community level. Different channels of communications that can reach individuals locally include the use of media, education, and community involvement. Small behavioral adaptations can result in large reductions in the impact to society. For leaseholders countries with high casualty rates, the importance of awareness understanding various need factors is critical. Organizations such as the Red Cross have significant expertise and capacity to help in countries where institutional capacity is not available. Physical Resilience Increasing physical resilience is an ongoing process for ensuring that structures, from large-scale infrastructure to individual buildings, are better prepared for natural disasters. This is an iterative process as cities and regions regenerate themselves, and as knowledge, technology and materials improve. Increasing resilience should be a priority for policy-makers to reduce loss of life and lessen economic loss. Physical resilience requires long-term planning at the national, regional, and local levels; between local governments; with rural and urban areas; and cross departments and agencies. Natural disasters know no boundaries and they cross government jurisdictions. 4. Financial preparedness Financial preparedness is a key element in a country’s overall resilience to natural disasters. It can reduce the long-term impact on economic development at the macro level. At the micro level it provides financial protection to individuals and businesses to reduce the impact on livelihoods. In addition to a functioning public policy and regulatory framework, insurance development depends on factors that define a country broader development strategy. Micronesians Micronesians, which protects low-income people from specific risks, is typically characterized by low premiums reflecting the pricing of focused coverage. Low-income people are often exposed to risks due to the nature of their livelihoods, for example, subsistence farming, or because they live In disaster-prone areas. Distribution High volume is a key to the insurance business model. Therefore, microsurgery need to partner with organizations With ties to the communities that they seek to serve to gain access to and build trust with potential customers. Financial literacy Explaining how insurance works can be difficult. It is also difficult to build trust with potential customers because the benefits of insurance are realized in the future. V. Conclusion and recommendations: Conclusion * Natural disasters affect all countries. However, in lesser-developed countries natural disasters cause disproportionate impact, killing thousands and threatening the livelihoods of those who survive, The variations in these effects between countries in there is a need to transfer knowledge, mobile financial resources and strengthen institutional capacity for natural disaster management in proactive and sustainable ways. However, there have been large variations in their societal impact, particularly on developing countries. Much work needs to be done at local, regional, national international level to improve preparation and response through enhanced resiliency and risk mitigation Accordingly, to reduce the impact of natural disasters, a multiculturalism approach is needed. At the heart of the recommendations is a desire to reduce the overall impact on society. Recommendations: To reduce the impact of natural disasters, a multiculturalism approach is needed. At the heart of the recommendations is a desire to reduce the overall impact on society. The success of that effort will depend on a number of factors: Raising Awareness Building awareness brings recognition of risk and initiates behavioral change. To begin the process one needs to collect appropriate data on risks, which needs to be made publicly available. Communicating the message in a way that informs the affected public of the risks they face is needed to motivate an increase in resilience and preparedness. Enhancing Resiliency Reducing risk through enhancing resilience requires an integrated planning process to make sure that structures are resilient to current and future hazards. Financial Preparedness Financial preparedness includes the concept of risk transfer to protect people’s livelihoods. Traditional insurance using risk-based pricing free from political intervention is an important part of the toolkit to enable faster recovery and reconstruction. Alternative preparedness measures include Micronesians; catastrophe bonds (cat bonds), which in parametric form can provide fast liquidity in times of crisis; and country level funds to help reduce public sector liability. Public Sector The public sector role depends on a country capacity to mitigate and respond to natural disasters. Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow Essay Example Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow Paper The unpredictable natural disasters’ effect on different industries and the wrong decisions that may follow the occurrence of such disasters may be due to: inaccurate forecasting of weather, inaccurate planning and risk analysis, also the governments and organizations over confidence in their ability to take decision and over come the risks. Also, insufficient financial support and miscommunication results in higher civil and human loss. As we examine the consequences of natural disasters several issues must be considered: * Many countries lack the knowledge, capacity and resources to deal with natural disasters. After a disaster the public sector is often paralyzed by damaged infrastructure and unable to cover the costs of emergency and relief efforts, let alone reconstruction work. * Lack of overall risk planning and investment in physical resilience measures, with too much focus on post-disaster response, leads to increased loss of life, suffering and damage. People in poor countries are generally more exposed to natural disasters, particularly through a higher dependency on agriculture and increased vulnerability to the natural environment. * Insurance penetration is high in developed countries. In lesser developed entries, the availability of insurance is limited and premiums are often not affordable. With less coverage, impacts from natural disasters can derail economic growth. There are several reasons for the increased vulnerability of societies to natural disasters: * Population growth: Between 1950 and 2010, world population grew from 2. 5 to 6. 9 billion,2 putting more people in harms way. * Location: Population growth has occurred in areas more prone to natural disasters, such as coastal areas and riverbanks. * arbitration: Poor urban planning, zoning and construction exacerbate the effects of natural disasters * Value: Economic velveteen brings higher asset values, thereby increasing the possible financial loss. Climate change: While there is not yet consensus in the scientific community whether and to what extent climate change increases the number and severity Of climatic events,5 there are several prominent studies suggesting that there exists a causal relationship, increasing risk uncertainty. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Disasters and Decisions That Flow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ill. List of Alternative course of actions: The unpredictable natural disasters and its consequences affect masses of people and require involvement of various sectors of country organizations to achieve ultimately successful results. Effective disaster management system should be in place which includes disaster prediction, disaster warning, disaster management and disaster relief. Implementation of the following measures can have a significant impact on the extent of suffering after a natural disaster: 1 . Clear vision for dealing with natural disasters. To increase knowledge and awareness of the population at large, the private sector and policy-makers to achieve behavior change. 2. Understanding the risk and mitigate risks through a variety of methods using both public and private means. 3. Enhanced physical resilience as a preventative step to reduce risk by hysterical measures, This is the only way to directly reduce the loss Of life and number of people affected. 4. Financial preparedness to reduce the long-term impact on economic development at the macro level as evidenced IV. Evaluation of Alternatives 1. Vision for dealing with natural disasters A vision of how various means of risk management could work together through â€Å"backward imaging†. Taking realistic natural disaster scenarios and apply best practice recommendations to develop a vision for the future. Ochs is on risk transfer solutions and enhanced risk resiliency. 1. 1 Data Comprehensive data is crucial throughout the natural disaster timeline for increasing awareness, finding effective resilience measures, early warning systems, efficient disaster response and resilient rebuilding. Capturing and mapping: The international community with local cooperation will implement a long-term programmer of global observation data. This data will include satellite observations and ground-based Observations to allow for Ð’Â «trustingÐ’Â » of the satellite data. Risk identification and assessment: Using open-access catastrophe modeling architecture and risk models created by the insurance industry and academia tit funding from UNFROCK adaptation funds, insurers and other risk pooling mechanisms will be able to assess risk and characterize the uncertainties surrounding their estimates. 1. 2 Awareness With good data, the public understands the need for preparation and risk reducing measures. Governments, the private sector and the media build awareness of risks and risk-mitigation principles at national, regional, and community levels. School awareness programmer: Schools play an important role. Children from a young age must understand the perils to which their communities are exposed and the appropriate response behaviors. Community awareness: Education in the community is required to ensure that awareness building continues in ad alt life. Communication: The media will run long-term campaigns on regional natural catastrophe risks, highlighting the benefit Of resilience and risk pooling measures. Multiple channels should be used, using resonating messaging to counter psychological tendencies of avoidance and denial, and foster behavioral change. 1. 3 Planning and prevention Planning and prevention require long lead times, especially for physical resilience projects. These large-scale projects and local community response Lana are both important to community awareness. Coordinating these measures to ensure effectiveness and efficient use of funds requires a central government figure, called in this report a â€Å"country risk officer. Country risk officers: Tasked with keeping up-to-date risk and asset data, they coordinate pre-disaster mitigation measures, such as building resilience, with financial preparedness Large-scale defense: Using risk maps, large-scale peril defense programmer are conducted in areas of high value or national importance, potentially contributed to by UNFROCK adaptation funds. Community-level defense: With awareness of risk, communities can work together on local measures, particularly where large-scale defenses are not possible. This may include avoiding construction in peril-prone areas,or making buildings temporary or peril-resilient in such areas. Individual-level defense: Some individuals and businesses may choose to adapt their properties, as they will see lower insurance premiums as a consequence if insurance premiums reflect risk. Assign liability in advance: Risk pooling organizations are able to reduce their prices because they have contract certainty due to clear liability laws enacted n advance. 1. 4 Risk transfer There are various options for risk management – avoidance, reduction, transfer or retention. Risk transfer is the underlying tenet for insurance markets, passing a liability onto another party (spreading the risk). Risk pooling is vital to the recovery of individuals, firms and economies following a natural disaster. 1. 5 During an event Actions taken immediately before and during an event are crucial for limiting impact on lives and livelihoods. These actions include last minute resilience measures, early warning systems, evacuation plans and efficient response measures. Early warning prior to an event: For some events (e. G. , flooding, tropical cyclones and tsunamis) early warning is possible; others are more of a surprise (e. . , earthquakes). Where early warning is possible, meteorological offices and other peril monitoring services send warning messages to a list of stakeholders for broader dissemination, and also post information on their websites. Mobile warning cascade: Peril-prone regions have free mobile technology early warning systems that cascade a series of warnings. Fast-evacuation warnings: Local police and coastguard remove people from high-risk areas (e. G. Off beaches in a tsunami). Prior emergency drills have informed all stakeholders what they are expected to do. The evacuation is orderly. 1. 6 Response The response phase begins after the post-disaster situation has stabilized and there is no longer imminent threat of loss of human life. The response phase focuses on restoring law and order, ensuring a secure environment and distributing resources and supplies. Order and control: Restoring law and order is crucial to an environment in which appropriate response measures can be taken. If civil society and security deteriorate it will be more difficult or impossible to distribute sources to those in need, unnecessarily prolonging suffering. Quick damage assessment: Satellite images provide an initial quick overview Of the damage. Liquidity pooling schemes pay out: If the event has triggered the pooling policies, funds, commodities and equipment are transferred within 15 days (or more quickly for critical equipment). Use of funds: The country risk officer implements the catastrophe response plan. Funds from pooling schemes are deployed to purchase necessary supplies. 1. 7 Recovery The recovery phase begins once the post-disaster situation has stabilized enough for activities focused on returning people and the economy to predigested or better levels. Recovery involves getting people and communities back on their feet, and ideally in a better position than before the disaster. Deploying loss adjusters: Using satellite and aerial photography loss adjusters decide whether they can pay claims remotely. There are a sufficient number of loss adjusters, provided by both public and private sectors. Resilient and sustainable rebuilding: The country risk officer issues guidelines on peril-resilient rebuilding. All new construction conforms to the code. Non- compliance results in non-payment of future risk pooling claims or building condemnation. Managed retreat: Some regions will not be re-populated to make green spaces or other mitigation schemes. The difficult question of whether to turn over damaged homes to these spaces is an important policy issue. Community adaptation measures: The opportunity to adapt regions will be taken at the time of large-scale rebuilding (e. G. , sustainable urban drainage). This is a unique opportunity to re-design for the future. Lessons learned: All stakeholders devote time and resources to learn lessons room the disaster about such things as evacuation processes, risk models, data, building performance under stress, etc. Results are freely disseminated for the benefit of the international community. Micromanage, structured loans and Micronesians: These financial products provide liquidity for affected individuals, initiating faster recovery and promoting self-sufficiency. 2. Understanding risk * Understanding the hazards and risks a community is exposed to is one Of the prerequisite recommendations in this report. Continued advancement in this understanding will allow for more focused and improved solutions across he disaster timeline. Ensuring that this knowledge is cascaded down to the local level creates awareness and initiates responsibility. Where possible, effective disaster preparedness and risk mitigation must start at an individual and community level. There are many stakeholders involved in building community awareness, Understanding how to use these channels effectively, often in combination with the media, will increase risk understanding and awareness Capturing risk data’s Establishing reliable data is the first step and involves multiple stakeholders. There are numerous gaps in the data that has been captured on multiple littorals and in various data sets around the world. Ra sing awareness Raising awareness is needed at the local community level. Different channels of communications that can reach individuals locally include the use of media, education, and community involvement. Small behavioral adaptations can result in large reductions in the impact to society. For leaseholders countries with high casualty rates, the importance of awareness understanding various need factors is critical. Organizations such as the Red Cross have significant expertise and capacity to help in countries where institutional capacity is not available. Physical Resilience Increasing physical resilience is an ongoing process for ensuring that structures, from large-scale infrastructure to individual buildings, are better prepared for natural disasters. This is an iterative process as cities and regions regenerate themselves, and as knowledge, technology and materials improve. Increasing resilience should be a priority for policy-makers to reduce loss of life and lessen economic loss. Physical resilience requires long-term planning at the national, regional, and local levels; between local governments; with rural and urban areas; and cross departments and agencies. Natural disasters know no boundaries and they cross government jurisdictions. 4. Financial preparedness Financial preparedness is a key element in a country’s overall resilience to natural disasters. It can reduce the long-term impact on economic development at the macro level. At the micro level it provides financial protection to individuals and businesses to reduce the impact on livelihoods. In addition to a functioning public policy and regulatory framework, insurance development depends on factors that define a country broader development strategy. Micronesians Micronesians, which protects low-income people from specific risks, is typically characterized by low premiums reflecting the pricing of focused coverage. Low-income people are often exposed to risks due to the nature of their livelihoods, for example, subsistence farming, or because they live In disaster-prone areas. Distribution High volume is a key to the insurance business model. Therefore, microsurgery need to partner with organizations With ties to the communities that they seek to serve to gain access to and build trust with potential customers. Financial literacy Explaining how insurance works can be difficult. It is also difficult to build trust with potential customers because the benefits of insurance are realized in the future. V. Conclusion and recommendations: Conclusion * Natural disasters affect all countries. However, in lesser-developed countries natural disasters cause disproportionate impact, killing thousands and threatening the livelihoods of those who survive, The variations in these effects between countries in there is a need to transfer knowledge, mobile financial resources and strengthen institutional capacity for natural disaster management in proactive and sustainable ways. However, there have been large variations in their societal impact, particularly on developing countries. Much work needs to be done at local, regional, national international level to improve preparation and response through enhanced resiliency and risk mitigation Accordingly, to reduce the impact of natural disasters, a multiculturalism approach is needed. At the heart of the recommendations is a desire to reduce the overall impact on society. Recommendations: To reduce the impact of natural disasters, a multiculturalism approach is needed. At the heart of the recommendations is a desire to reduce the overall impact on society. The success of that effort will depend on a number of factors: Raising Awareness Building awareness brings recognition of risk and initiates behavioral change. To begin the process one needs to collect appropriate data on risks, which needs to be made publicly available. Communicating the message in a way that informs the affected public of the risks they face is needed to motivate an increase in resilience and preparedness. Enhancing Resiliency Reducing risk through enhancing resilience requires an integrated planning process to make sure that structures are resilient to current and future hazards. Financial Preparedness Financial preparedness includes the concept of risk transfer to protect people’s livelihoods. Traditional insurance using risk-based pricing free from political intervention is an important part of the toolkit to enable faster recovery and reconstruction. Alternative preparedness measures include Micronesians; catastrophe bonds (cat bonds), which in parametric form can provide fast liquidity in times of crisis; and country level funds to help reduce public sector liability. Public Sector The public sector role depends on a country capacity to mitigate and respond to natural disasters.

Pro-Life v. Pro-Choice essays

Pro-Life v. Pro-Choice essays One of the most controversial issues that exists today is abortion. Many strong opinions arise on whether a woman should have the right to an abortion, and whether the court has the power to grant a woman this right. The Editors of The Progressive and the Editors of The National Review have their own opinion on abortion, and go into further detail on specific issues such as Roe v. Wade, Privacy Rights and back-alley abortions. In the case of Roe v. Wade, the Court prohibited any regulation of abortion in the first trimester, allowed only adjustments pertaining to the health of the mother in the second, and only maternal health reasons in the third. The Editors of the National Review claim that Roe v. Wade is responsible for killing about 35 million innocent human beings, and counting, as a direct result of abortion. On the other hand, The Editors of The Progressive state that a few of the pro-life advocates who preach about preserving human life, are also the ones directly responsible for murdering the doctors who perform the procedures. The Editors of The National Review state that abortion has corrupted everything, including families and the role of a father. The National Review comment that by giving women the right to chose has, in turn, given irresponsible men an excuse to walk out on their children. They feel this gives men the option to say the woman chose to keep the child, so she has to deal with the consequences of her decision. The Editors of The Progressive comment on the fact that the state should not have the right to tell a women whether she should, or should not be allowed to have an abortion. The Progressive states that while a woman is pregnant, and her health is in jeopardy, it is completely against her rights to be forced to carry the baby to term. The final issue is about back-alley abortions. The Editors of the National Review state Roe ...

Listing of Atlantic 2016 Hurricane Names

Listing of Atlantic 2016 Hurricane Names Below you will find the listing of hurricane names for the Atlantic Ocean for the year 2016. For every year, there is a pre-approved list of tropical storm and hurricane names. These lists have been generated by the National Hurricane Center since 1953. At first, the lists consisted of only female names; however, since 1979, the lists alternate between male and female. Hurricane Naming Conventions Hurricanes are named alphabetically from the list in chronological order. Thus the first tropical storm or hurricane of the year has a name that begins with A and the second is given the name that begins with B. The lists contain hurricane names that begin from A to W, but exclude names that begin with a Q or U. There are six lists that continue to rotate. The lists only change when there is a hurricane that is so devastating, the name is retired and another hurricane name replaces it. Thus, the 2016 hurricane name list is the same as the 2010 hurricane name list but after the 2010 hurricane season, there may be changes to the list if names are retired so check back after the 2010 hurricane season. 2016 Hurricane Names AlexBonnieColinDanielleEarlFionaGastonHermineIgorJuliaKarlLisaMatthewNicoleOttoPaulaRichardSharyTomasVirginieWalter

Communication questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication questions - Essay Example Taking the analysis a little bit further, the individual can realize that by analyzing the language of a particular media outlet, the individual can come to understand what bias might exist within the language or what understanding the media might be attempting to provide. Further, with regard to the production, the individual that pays close attention to how the production of the media is effected will be more likely to recognize a the way in which different methods tend to focus on aspects that might be biased in some way or another. Additionally, the representation of the media is another key point that helps to show a level of media literacy. By understanding the representation that a particular piece of media provides, the viewer, reader, or participant can come to understanding the approach to the story that the media outlet has decided on. Finally, a focus on the audience that the media outlet is attempting to present the story to also tells the individual a lot about what inf ormation is being represented and how the media wants the information to be used. As a result of these understandings, I have come to apply this particular approach to the majority of the media that I consume; especially to any news media. By focusing on the audience for which the media was designed, I can oftentimes see the way in which media is used to create a particular point of view or ideology on a particular topic. By thinking about how the media was produced and what factors are focused on the most, especially if it is television media, I am able to see the approach that the news story is likely o promote or the approach that the media is attempting to ridicule. Similarly, by analyzing the way that language of the media, I have been able to understand the level of bias that is oftentimes presented prior to the individual having the opportunity to come to their own

DISCUSS CRITICALLY THE MAIN FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE EMERGENCE Essay

DISCUSS CRITICALLY THE MAIN FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE EMERGENCE OF ISLAMIC FEMINISM - Essay Example The Islamic feminist movement has begun to adapt certain Western thought into their efforts to become involved in the global trend towards a more progressive attitude in terms of the rights of women. In fact, the feminist movement in Islam can be seen as the third wave of feminism that is striving to fight against cultural inequalities inherent in some of the more traditional Muslim doctrines (Badran, 1986). This is a battle of cultures, pitting modern thought against the need to maintain ties to a strong faith that has been the cornerstone of much of the world for multiple centuries. To be sure, there are differences of opinion when considering the Islamic feminist movement and how much attention it should even garner. Some would argue that such reform efforts have no place in a discussion surrounding religious faith, while others would contend that religion and modernity can still go hand in hand (Gardner, 2006). This paper will deal with the current trend of Islamic feminism in an effort to bridge these differences of opinion and to move this dominant world religion towards a culture that is more accommodating of individual differences, while still honouring age-old traditions of religious, moral, and social values. The Emergence of Islamic Feminism The United Nations and the Plight of Women: 1975-1985 In the mid 1970s, the United Nations (UN) began a decade long initiative to focus on the plight of women globally. Women from around the globe attended a focused UN summit meeting that was designed to springboard a new attention to feminism worldwide. The idea behind the summit actually began with the general assembly meeting previously held in Mexico. It was there that delegates expressed concerns about the treatment of women worldwide (Gardner, 2006). The fact is that cultural and religious differences likely prohibit a universal feminist movement where all women are subject to the same treatment and the goal of true equality is met. With that being said, de legates to the United Nations increasingly began to feel that there should be a sort of universal declaration of feminist rights that would transcend culture and religion (Gardner, 2006). Out of this was born the idea of the Decade for Women. That General Assembly was reportedly that first major meeting ever held by the United Nations that made women’s rights a primary area of focus (Fraser, 1987). In essence, the General Assembly saw fit to create a declaration that drew from recent Human Rights initiatives, namely that women across the globe should have certain rights, regardless of their religious or cultural background. Subsequently, many left the meeting with a renewed passion for establishing and promoting certain responsibilities that should be shared amongst the countries of the world in terms of equalizing gender relationships in not only the workplace, but the general community as well (Moore and Pubantz, 2008). The idea was to make the feminist movement a focus of future initiatives for the next decade, both at the national and international level. Particular attention would be paid to countries that possessed a less than stellar record in the area of women’s rights. The declaration set forth the notion that both males and females should be viewed as

Supply Chain for Audi Essay Example for Free

Supply Chain for Audi Essay Supply Chain Research Submitted by Ahmed El-Barky Outlines (Topic 1) 12345Activities. Market and competitors. Supply chain design. SWOT analysis. References. 1- Activities for Audi. Audi is one of the best cars in the world. In the beginning I will talk about Audi’s activities. First of all we all know the Audi is a German manufacturer of Cars. Producing a lot of types of cars starting from Supermini to SUV cars in different prices with different categories. Audi is a brand from the group of Volkswagen. The company itself located in Ingolstadt, Germany The Company name comes from the founder name Who August Horch, His sir name means (Listen) in Germany and when you translate it into Latin it becomes Audi. 2- Audi Competitors. One of the biggest competitor towards Audi is BMW and of course the competition between Audi A4 and BMW 3 series. And BMW X Series and Audi Q7. Other competitor is Mercedes and they are competing with Audi A2 and Mercedes A class. 3- Supply Chain Design. Customer 4- SWOT Analysis. -Strengths Audis Brand. Audi is one of the most valuable cars in cars industry. The positioning of this car is really high for the customer they position it as high prestige according to the design and the style. -Strong cash flow Company operations during the period 2003-2006. The company increased its cash flow by 16% . according to that the cash equivalent increases from 1,207. 5million Euro to 4,884million. This is strength because with strong cash that will help the company to achieve its plans. Weaknesses Focusing only on Germany 70. 5% of the revenue for this company came from Germany Market. That will affect the company revenue because if the economy in Germany is not growing or sales in Germany is not going well. Or the competition in this area becomes higher. Small amount of production Audi has a small amount of production according to its Competitors for Example BMW produced 1. 1 million units and Mercedes 1. 2 million unit and for Audi in the same year it was 0. 9 Million unit that will affect the revenue of the company. ecause in the same year the revenues for BMW was 48,999 million Euro and for Audi it was 31,142 million Euro in the same year. Opportunities Sales in china China is the third world’s largest car market after US and Japan. China expectations are that it will be the world largest in 2015. Audi is the chines market since 1988 and it represents 10% from t he whole market. Audi became back in the chines market in 2006 by Audi A6 modified engine. Russian market. Russia is one of the fast growing car markets in the world. The annual growth was 30% in 2006 compared to 2005. Accourding to those changing Audi is preparing itself to compete in this market throw a large net of dealers and satellite service workshops in Russia. Middle East Market The Arab Gulf Area is one of the most important areas for luxury cars. Many of automotive industries start to establish their own factories there. The luxury car Is expected to grow 20% for the next 3 years. Towards that the company started to invest a lot for the luxury cars there like Audi Q7. Threats Material prices Cost of the raw material such as aluminum and other for this industry is rising. That will affect the company because the prices will be higher and that will increase the competition for the Japanese companies. Economy in Eurozone 90% from the revenue for Audi comes from Eurozone market and the euro economy is declining so it’s too hard to get the target revenue in this market only.

The Simpsons as a Sitcom Essay -- Television Animation Cartoons Papers

The Simpsons as a Sitcom "The Simpsons" is an example of an American sitcom. A sitcom is situation comedy, which is when the same setting and same characters appear in every episode. Examples of sitcoms are programs such as "The Crosby Show" and more recent sitcoms such as "Friends". Sitcoms surfaced in the 1950's in America showing the "ideal" family. Slowly sitcoms started to show the reality of life and dealt with social issues such as divorce and unemployment. Sitcoms have become very popular because people could relate to the program and sitcoms show problems, which happen in every day life in a light-hearted way. These are some of the reasons why "The Simpsons" is very successful and popular. In this essay I am going to use the example of "The Simpsons" and evaluate to see how it follows the conventions of the sitcom genre. The opening sequence of "The Simpsons" introduces us to the main characters and we can see the stereotypes, which are used in the programme. In the opening sequence we see Homer at work. This is what a stereotypical father's role is. We are also shown how Homer goes against the stereotype because he takes some radioactive waste with him showing that he is careless. Marge is shown doing the shopping and looking after the baby Maggie. Marge fits the stereotypical role of a mother in the sense that she is a housewife and takes care of the house. In the programme Marge sometimes goes against the stereotype because she seems to be the authority figure of the family and this is what the man of the house is supposed to do. Bart is shown in detention in the title sequence. Bart does not fit the stereotypical ... ...f the air because people would take offence to it. "The Simpsons" is a very successful programme and has been running for a very long time. Many people have different views on "The Simpsons" some think that it is rude and stupid others think that it is funny and realistic. I think that "The Simpsons" shows the reality of life in a light-hearted way. I think this is why it is a successful programme and also the humour kind of hides the rudeness and that is why people don't take offence to it. In some ways "The Simpson" is a sitcom because it has a family in it and has the same characters and the same setting in every episode. In some ways it isn't a sitcom because it goes against stereotypes and does not set a good example to others. Despite this I still think it is a very good programme and should be called a sitcom.